Generally speaking, an electronic signature (or e-signature) is a technical process logically associated with a document which two (or more) individuals or organizations (the signatories) agree to rely on in order to express their intent to sign such document. Three components are therefore necessary: a document, a signatory and an e-signature tool. While the tool most commonly used for handwritten signatures is a simple pen, electronic signature tools are typically more complex.
From a regulatory standpoint, an electronic signature is a broad category that encompasses many types (or levels) of electronic signatures.
Depending on the country it is used in, there are differences in purpose, legal acceptance, technical implementation and cultural acceptance of electronic signatures. In particular, e-signature requirements tend to vary significantly between most “civil law” countries (including the European Union and many countries in South America and Asia), and most “common law” countries (such as the United States, Canada and Australia). Civil law countries typically support a “tiered” approach including higher levels of signature often called digital or qualified electronic signatures (typically required for specific types of contracts), as opposed to common law jurisdictions which are typically more technology-neutral.
In addition, some industries (such as healthcare or banking) and documents (such as marriage or adoption contracts) may require a higher level of e-signature.
Electronic signatures are permitted under New Zealand’s Contract and Commercial Law Act 2017. Under the law, electronic signatures (other than a witness’s signature, which has additional requirements) are allowed as long as the signature (Art. 226):
Note that if there is a legal requirement for a signature that relates to information that is legally required to be given to an individual, the electronic signature is only allowed if that individual consents to receiving the electronic signature.
Under the law (Art. 228), electronic signatures are presumed to be reliable, if:
Deeds must be executed with a wet ink signature because a third party must witness them. It is therefore important to understand that documents that are separate from the employment agreement which require the employee to undertake certain promises without valid consideration must be executed as a Deed and therefore by wet signature.
Yes. As long as the above requirements are met, electronic signatures can be used on most HR documents (excluding documents that would be treated as deeds, per the above), including employment contracts and separation/release agreements.
HR Best Practices: Electronic signatures are generally considered valid in the employment context in New Zealand. When using electronic signatures, ensure that appropriate safeguards are in place and that any alterations made after signing are detectable.
