Data privacy laws have become more prominent in recent years. As the amount of personal information available online has grown substantially, there has been an enhanced focus on the processing of personal data, as well as the enforcement of such laws.
The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) (Regulation (EU) 2016/679) went into effect on May 25, 2018 and has become new cornerstone of data protection laws throughout the EU. Organizations in the European Economic Area (EEA) must comply with EU data protection laws when retaining documents containing personal data. The EEA includes the EU countries as well as Norway, Lichtenstein, and Iceland.
While the GDPR has been implemented at a national level by each EU member state, data privacy laws differ slightly from one EU country to another. Greece implemented the GDPR through Law 4624/2019 which went into effect September 2019. This law applies to the automated and partially automated processing of personal data, including data in archiving systems by public or private entities.
Firstly, it is important to understand who is the “data controller” under the EU legislative framework. An organization is a data controller when it determines the purposes and manner in which personal data is processed. “Personal data” refers to “any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person.” That person is considered a “data subject” under the GDPR and may “be identified, directly or indirectly…by reference to an identifier such as a name, an identification number, location data, an online identifier or to one or more factors specific to the physical, physiological, genetic, mental, economic, cultural or social identity of that natural person.”
Clearly, a lot of employee-related information collected by employers qualifies as personal data, thereby subjecting European employers to EU data privacy regulations. The employer collecting the employee-related data is the data controller, and every HR solution adopted might be qualified as a sub-processing activity.
Regardless of whether an employer utilizes subcontractors to process information, data management processing principles will still need to be followed. This is because the “processing of personal data” is construed broadly and includes physical and automated procedures such as: collecting, recording, organizing, structuring, storing, adapting/altering, retrieving, consulting, using, disclosing by transmission, disseminating, making available, aligning/combining, restricting and erasing/destructing.
Therefore, as controllers of employee personal data collected in the employment context, employers must comply with the following personal data processing principles:
Employers should be able to provide a documented rationale for processing each piece of personal data. Processing can be legally justified if the:
If the employee data qualifies as sensitive personal data, then a narrower set of conditions applies. For example, one such condition is that a data subject has given explicit consent to the processing of his/her sensitive personal data. “Sensitive personal data” is the personal data consisting of information about the data subject’s racial or ethnic origin; political opinions; religious beliefs or beliefs of a similar nature; trade union membership; physical or mental health or condition; or sexual life.
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The current authority responsible for enforcement of data privacy law and regulations in Greece is the:
Hellenic Data Protection Authority
